development of fusion reactor essays

development of fusion reactor essays Many of scientists have spent abundant amount of years trying to figure out a way to access infinite, clean, accessible energy. Thats why the development of the fusion reactor is a very important invention in the world of science. Some people may ask what exactly is a fusion reactor, and how does it work? The large amount of energy let go by the sun and the stars is the result of the changing of matter into energy. This occurs when the lightest atom, hydrogen, is heated to very high temperatures forming a special gas called plasma. In this plasma, hydrogen atoms combine, or "fuse", to form a heavier atom, helium. In the process of fusing, some of the hydrogen involved is converted directly into large amounts of energy. In order for fusion reactions to occur, the particles must be hot enough temperature, in sufficient number of density and well limited confinement time. These simultaneous conditions are represented by a fourth state of matter known as plasma. In a plasma, electrons are uncovered from their nuclei. A plasma, as a result, consists of charged particles, ions and electrons. There are three main mechanisms for confining these hot plasmas - magnetic, inertial and gravitational. Magnetic confinement takes w hold of strong magnetic fields, usually 100,000 times the earth's magnetic field, set in a pattern to prevent the charged particles from leaking out. Inertial confinement uses powerful lasers or high energy particle beams to press the fusion fuel together. The enormous force of gravity confines the fuel in the sun and stars. There are two main reasons for pursuing fusion research, the furthering of our understanding of the actions of plasmas that make up most of the known universe, and the creation of a new energy source. Fusion energy would be a renewable energy technology that offers a significant mix of potential advantages. Fusion fuels are abundant and readily available to all nations. Using fusion ener...

About Finnish Architect Alvar Aalto

About Finnish Architect Alvar Aalto Finnish architect Alvar Aalto (born February 3, 1898) became famous for both his modernist buildings and his furniture designs of bent plywood. His influence on American furniture-making continues to be seen in public buildings. Aaltos unique style grew out of a passion for painting and a fascination for the works of cubist artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Fast Facts: Alvar Aalto Known For: Influential modern architecture and furniture designBorn: February 3, 1898 in Kuortane, FinlandDied: May 11, 1976 in Helsinki, FinlandEducation: Helsinki University of Technology, 1916–1921Key Accomplishments: Paimio Tuberculosis Sanatorium and Paimio Chair; Baker House dorm at MIT; three- and four-legged stools for adults, children, and restaurantsSpouses:  Finnish architect and designer Aino Maria Marsio and Finnish architect Elissa Mkiniemi Early Years Born in the age of form follow function and at the cusp of Modernism, Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto graduated with honors in architecture from Helsinki University of Technology. His early works combined Neoclassical ideas with the International Style. Later, Aaltos buildings were characterized by asymmetry, curved walls, and complex textures. Many people say his architecture defies any style label. except for Modernist. Alvar Aaltos passion for painting led to the development of his unique architectural style. Cubism and collage , explored by the painters Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, became important elements in Aaltos work. As an architect, Aalto used color, texture, and light to create collage-like architectural landscapes. Professional Life The term Nordic Classicism has been used to describe some of Alvar Aaltos work. Many of his buildings combined sleek lines with richly textured natural materials such as stone, teak, and rough-hewn logs. Hes also been called a Human Modernist for what we might call today his client-centered approach to architecture. The Finnish architect received international acclaim with the completion of the Paimio Tuberculosis Sanatorium. The hospital he built in Paimio, Finland between 1929 and 1933 is still looked upon as one of the worlds best-designed healthcare facilities.  The details incorporated into the building design by Aalto illustrate many of the evidence-based design strategies published in recent years, writes Dr. Diana Anderson, MD in 2010. With an open-air roof terrace, sun balconies, inviting pathways throughout the grounds, orientation of the patient wing for rooms to receive full morning sunlight, and calming room colors, the architecture of the building is more modern than many healthcare facilities built today. Aalto also designed interiors and furnishing, and one of his most enduring creations is the chair designed for the tubercular patients at Paimio. The Paimio Sanatorium chair is so beautifully designed that it is part of the collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Based on the metal tube Wassily chair designed in 1925 by Marcel Breuer, Aalto took laminated wood and bent it like Breuer bent metal to form a frame in which was placed a bent wooden seat. Designed to ease the breathing of a  tubercular patient, the Paimio chair is beautiful enough to be sold to todays consumer.   Maire Mattinen writes in the Forward  to the Nomination of Paimio Hospital for Inclusion in the World Heritage List, The hospital can be described as a Gesamtkunstwerk, all the aspects of which - the landscape, the function, the technology and the aesthetics - aim to promote the well-being and recuperation of the patients. Marriages Aalto was married twice. His first wife, Aino Mariso Aalto (1894–1949), was a partner in Artek, the furnishings workshop they established in 1935. They became famous for their furniture and glassware designs. After the death of Aino, Aalto married the Finnish architect Elissa Mkiniemi Aalto (1922–1994) in 1952. It was Elissa who carried on the businesses and completed ongoing projects after Aalto died. Death Alvar Aalto died on May 11, 1976 in Helsinki, Finland. He was 78 years old. Mr. Aaltos style was not easily characterized, but it was frequently described as humanistic, wrote architecture critic Paul Goldberger at the time of Aaltos death. Throughout his career he was more interested in creating architectural housings to reflect the complexities of functions within than in fitting functions into a simple form. Legacy Alvar Aalto is remembered with the likes of Gropius, Le Corbusier, and van der Rohe as a major influence on 20th century modernism. A review of his architecture realizes an evolution from simple classical forms of the 1924 White Guards Headquarters to the functional modernism of the 1933 Paimio Sanatorium. The 1935 Viipuri Library in Russia has been called International or even Bauhaus-like, yet Aalto rejected that modernism for something less stark. The 1948 Baker House dormitory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology may be known on campus for its piano tossing event, yet the buildings wavy design and open spaces promote community and humanism. The Baker House, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Alvar Aalto. Santi Visalli/Getty Images (cropped) The curve in Aaltos architecture continued for the next 30 years, even in designs completed after his death, like the 1978 Church of the Assumption of Mary in Riola di Vergato, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. His impact on furniture design, however, is Aaltos legacy for not only people around the world, but to furniture makers such as the Eames partnership. Alvar Aalto often integrated architecture with interior design. He is the acknowledged inventor of bent wood furniture, a practical and modern idea that had far-reaching influences at home and abroad. As Aalto transformed Breuers bent metal into bent wood, Charles and Ray Eames took the concept of molded wood and created the iconic plastic molded chair. Without knowing the designers names, who hasnt sat on one of Aaltos curved wood designs or Breuers metal chairs or the Eames stackable plastic chairs? Furnishings by Alvar Aalto, 1938. Print Collector/Getty Images (cropped) One can easily think about Alvar Aalto when coming upon a bad reproduction of his furniture. Discover a three-legged stool in your storage shed, and you wonder why the legs keep falling out of the underside of the round seat, as they are only glued into little holes. Many old, broken stools could use a better design - like Aaltos STOOL 60 (1933).  Ã‚  In 1932, Aalto had developed a revolutionary type of furniture made of laminated bent plywood. His stools are simple designs with bent wooden legs that provide strength, durability, and stackability. Aaltos  Ã‚  STOOL E60 (1934) is a four-legged version. Aaltos BAR STOOL 64 (1935) is familiar because its been copied so often. All of these iconic pieces were designed when Aalto was in his 30s. Furniture that doesnt end up in storage is often designed by modern architects, because they have better ideas of how to keep things together. Sources Anderson, Diana. Humanizing the hospital: Design lessons from a Finnish sanatorium. Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ), 2010 Aug 10; 182(11): E535–E537.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917967/ Artek. Art Technology Since 1935. https://www.artek.fi/en/companyGoldberger, Paul.  Alvar Aalto Is Dead at 78; Master Modern Architect. The New York Times, May 13, 1976National Board of Antiquities. Nomination of Paimio Hospital for Inclusion in the World Heritage List. Helsinki 2005. nba.fi/fi/File/410/nomination-of-paimio-hospital.pdf

Cyber crime Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cyber crime - Article Example For instance, some of the malicious attacks that organizations and businesses face include cyber theft and fraud, cyber warfare, industrial espionage and hacking among others. The non-malicious attacks include misuse of access devices, human error and accidental system failures. Additionally, the article provides the costs that companies incur or may in future incur as a result of cyber crime. Moreover, some of the best practices that can limit the cyber crime, and legislations and regulations of cyber crimes are also included in the article. In my opinion, I would agree with the information provided concerning cyber crime in the article. One fact is that cyber crime is increasingly becoming an issue to most governments and its threats can be far much worse to an economy since it is a crime related to the internet; internet is one factor that an economy cannot survive without. Additionally, I would agree with what the author has indicated in the article because currently issues concerning cyber crimes are often discussed in the social media and various governments, therefore it is no doubt that whatever the author has provided is backed by so varied and valid evidences. The topic is very much important globally. Cyber threats and data privacy are factors that are currently becoming a major focus to various businesses, organizations and governments around the world. Since various sectors in the world or different nations depend so much on the internet, I think it is important to educate people on the threats that come as a result of the existence of the internet and how these threats can be limited. Failure to notify the world about this can affect the general economic growth of various nations. Certainly, the author has provided more than enough evidence with regards to cyber threats and data privacy. For instance, the author has provided valid statistics concerning the intensity of cyber

Direct and direct Causes of World War 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Direct and direct Causes of World War 2 - Essay Example The war was the most widespread war in human history, and directly involved over 100 million people, from over 30 different nations (Axelrod 15). Most participating countries invested their industrial, economic, and scientific capabilities behind war efforts, erasing the distinction that existed between military and civilian resources. Marked by massive deaths of civilians, strategic bombings of population or industrial center, and first time use of nuclear weapons, there were more than 50 million fatalities, making this war the deadliest conflict to hit human in history (Axelrod 16). Various factors and events are responsible for the outbreak of this war either directly or indirectly. The immediate cause for the outbreak of the Second World War was generally considered by many to be Germany’s invasion of Poland in 1939 (Ross 25). Hitler, who was the leader of the Nazi party, had established one of his major objectives as domination of Europe, which was to be sought by force. Britain and France warned Germany against invasion of Poland and that they would declare war against them if they did so, therefore, when Hitler invaded Poland, war broke in Europe (Ross 26). Otherwise, this was just a short-term trigger of the war. There existed other under the surface tensions that had for long brewed tension amongst states, which played a key role in the outbreak of the war. Germany was dissatisfied with the Versailles Treaty.

Business ethics Essay Example for Free

Business ethics Essay In the past there have been several cases in the business environment related to the practices of accountants and auditors who have violated the trust and confidence of public. A number of researches have been conducted to find the potential factors resulting in unethical, biased or inappropriate decision making and judgments by the professionals. The aim of this paper is to review two academic articles and conclude on the reliability of the claims and assertions made by the authors. The research paper of Pflugrath, Martinov-Bennie ump; Chen (2007) aims to analyze the impact of organizational codes of ethics on the accountants’ and auditors’ judgments and professional decisions making skills. The research is conducted on a sample of 112 professional accountants and auditing students and resulted in indicating that the codes of ethics positively influence the judgments of professional accountants but does not affect the students’ judgments. On the other hand, the paper by Shafer, Morrid ump; Ketchand (2001) is based on the research of the professional auditors and the impact of their personal values on their ethical judgments and behavioral intentions. The study concluded that personal values do not affect the ethical considerations and judgments of professional auditors. However, the knowledge and the understanding of moral intensity have an impact on the judgments abilities of the professional accountants. Pfflugrath, Martinov-Bennie ump; Chen (2007) conducted the study basing their discussion on the new International Standard on Quality Controls 1’s (ISQC1) requirements for all organizations and accounting firms to implement policies and regulations which support the ethical and technical independence of the professional accountants. â€Å"The presence of a code of ethics appears to have a significant influence on the quality audit judgments of professional accountants’’ (Pfflugrath, Martinov-Bennie ump; Chen, 2007). In terms of aggressive client preferences, the code of ethics may help in better judgment by the professional auditors and accountants. In contrast Shafer, Morrid ump; Ketchand (2001) suggest that in case of client’s pressure on aggressive financial reporting, â€Å"auditors’ ethical behavior influenced by economic or utilitarian considerations†. Shafer et. al. , (2001) suggest that strong organizational norms should result in the standardization of behaviors. In this regard, the results of Pflugrath et. al. (2007) may be judged as fairly consistent that organizational codes of ethics may help in ethical decision making of employees and professionals in auditing and accounting fields. Unitary codes of ethics may help in standardization for the accounting and auditing professionals and may result in similar findings for the similar scenarios or situations that prevail in different companies or businesses. Pflugrath et. al. (2007) gives arguments which are more persuasive and compatible with the existing literature. The research methodology of both the papers provides reasonable assurance of the validity of their judgments, however, Shafer et. al. , (2001) has weakness of the homogeneity of the values of the sample which is the major portion of the participants used for the research. The results, hence, may not reliable for the diversified population of today’s business environment where people with different personal values and social norms are working together. For such a diversified population in the business environment we may rely on the results of Pflugrath et. al’ study which indicates the code of ethics may end up affecting the professional judgment positively. Moreover, the respondents in Shafer et. al’s study had not graduated. Also, most of the respondents have almost 20 years experience in public accounting. People with similar personal values, as stated by the Shafer’s study may choose similar fields. Hence, the results produced are biased and rely upon the majority of people with similar values. Both journals provide a wide number of studies to support their arguments. The supporting details of every argument belong to reliable sources and articles. The arguments in Shafer et. al’s survey, however, provide the insight of impacts of personal values in different fields. The conclusion is not as straightforward as in the research of Pflugrath et. al. The study of Shafer et. al. (2001) leaves enough space for the reader to judge if the personal values or organizational norm affect ethical judgments and decision makings of accountants and auditors. Whereas, Pflugrath et. al.provide much evident information on the agreement and in support of auditors and accountants. Moreover, unlike Shafer et. al. ’s study, Pflugrath et. al included much research and literature in support of their conclusion rather than providing the contrary information. Concisely, the journals under review provide a depth analysis of the two factors that may affect ethical judgment and decision making of accountant and auditors. The first factor is the presence or absence of codes of ethics and the second is the impact of personal values and norms in ethical decisions makings of professionals. The dilemma of lack of ethical decision making which has abandoned the public confidence and trust is dependent on the codes of ethics which are being set and exercised within the business environment and the perceptions of moral intensity which affect the judgments of the auditors. There are other determinants, as discussed by the articles, like clients pressure and personal interest which may affect the quality of judgments and decision making in the fields of accounting and auditing but it is not right to ignore the 2 factors being discussed. Ethical judgment, hence, depends on the exercise of codes of ethics which provide autonomy to the auditors and accountants to work in the best interest of the business and not at the discretion of the client’s orders. Moreover, such codes of ethics, if exercised appropriate may affect the values of auditors and accountants leading to the better and more independent of the financial data of the business under review.

Metamorphosis A Movie :: essays research papers

Metamorphosis, written by Franz Kafka, is a story that deals with the transformation of a human being, Gregor Samsa, into a giant bug. Whether this transformation is a literal transformation, or a transformation only in the mind of Gregor, is a mystery to the reader. Even if the transformation is the main element in the story, there are other themes that arise from the story. One of those themes could be considered as a moral of the story. That moral of the story could be that some humans, in this case Gregor, try to help others before helping themselves. The moral of the story could be that before trying to help others in their lives, people should first help themselves, otherwise those who help are going to be taken advantage of and at the end they will be left with nothing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gregor is a good example of this moral of the story because he always looking out for his family, and always helping them out. One example of a sacrifice that he makes is when Gregor works in a company where his parents have a very high debt, and Gregor works there in order to pay the debt. In his mind he admits, “If I didn’t hold back for my parents sake, I would have quit long ago'; (4). From this quote it is obvious that while trying to make his parents happy, Gregor has to live a sad live were he is not happy with what he is and what he does for a living. Even in the company he has been able to move up the position ladder at a fast rate, he is not happy. What Gregor looks forward to in the job is the opportunity that “once [he’s] gotten the money together to pay off [his] parents’ debts'; (4) he would quit working at that company for good.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even if Gregor makes a sacrifice to save his family by paying what they owe, they are not grateful for what he does. As he explains at the beginning they would thank Gregor with warmth for helping the family out. But as time went by “they had just gotten used to it, gotten used to it…the money was received with thanks and given with pleasure, but no special feeling of warmth went with it anymore'; (27). The family no longer saw the sacrifice that he was making, later as they got used to being helped they saw the help he was giving as a duty.

Quality Philosophy Evaluation Essay

Focus Paper on Quality Philosophy Evaluation Focus Paper on Quality Philosophy Evaluation Edward Deming led the quality revolution and defined it from the customer’s perspective. He argues that the customer’s definition of quality is the only one that matters (Dale & van Iwaarden, 2007). He defined quality as the extent by which the performance meets the expectations of the customer. He also argued that quality is the responsibility of management. Deming conveyed the importance of leadership in the cultivation of a culture of quality. The principles that underpin his philosophy also indicate that workers were to be trained and introduced to spirit of quality. He argued that employees should play a key role in the transformation of the organization. He proposed the 14 point philosophy of quality. 1. Create a perpetual drive towards improvement or plan for quality in the long term. 2. Embrace the new philosophy and adopt quality in the whole organization 3. Constant and perpetual improvement 4. Organizations should not rely on inspections 5. Rely on a single supplier for one item in order to ensure consistency 6. The elimination of management by objectives 7. Unclear slogans should be removed 8. The barriers which exist between departments should be broken 9. The transformation to quality should be everyone’s job 10. The removal of barriers which prevent pride of workmanship 11. The implementation of education and self improvement 12. Instill confidence and eliminate fear in job performance 13. Training should be used to remove variations 14. The organization should have quality leadership Joseph Juran Joseph Juran has also published a vast amount of literature on the topic of quality. Juran has two definitions of quality. The first defines quality as the features of products that meet the needs of the customers and which then allow for customer satisfaction (Juran, 2003). The second definition defines quality as the freedom from errors and freedom from deficiencies which necessitate the redoing of work. Juran came with a trilogy philosophy of quality management. This philosophy included: * Quality improvement-this is the process by which originations experience breakthrough in quality * Quality control-this involves the detection of the difference between actual performance and the set goals. * Quality planning-this involves developing processes and products which meet the expectations of the customer. * The above three dimensions of quality were seen as a prerogative of management by Juran. Quality control defines the standard of measure by which quality is determined. Juran saw workers as the implementers of quality. Philip Crosby Philip Crosby had a zero defects philosophy on quality management. He defined quality as being the conformance to requirements. He saw zero defects as the performance standard. He argued that everyone should do things â€Å"right the first time.† Therefore, according, to his philosophy, workers play a fundamental role in promoting quality (Oppenheim, Oppenheim & Levine, 2005). Lewis Ireland He defined quality as the totality of characteristics and features of a service or product that enable it to meet the stated or the implied needs. Lewis Ireland focused on quality in projects. In 1991, Lewis wrote Quality Management for Projects and Programs and stated the importance of integrating quality in projects (Rose, 2005). He has a project management quality philosophy. He argued that quality planning should be used to identify quality standards which are relevant for the project. Project managers have a critical role to play in managing quality. Recommendation The philosophy espoused by Edward Deming holds more water in the current competitive business environment. Deming views quality as a change management initiative which is permanently existent in the methods, systems and processes. He provides the principles which should be followed by management in order to cultivate a culture of quality. In addition, his philosophy is more comprehensive and flexible and therefore easily applied by today’s managers. References Dale, B. G., & van Iwaarden, J. (2007). Managing quality. Blackwell Publishing Juran, J. M. (2003). Juran on leadership for quality. Simon and Schuster. Oppenheim, A. J., Oppenheim, R., & Levine, D. M. (2005). Quality management (pp. 75-76). McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Rose, K. (2005). Project quality management: why, what and how. J. Ross Publishing.

Crime in Our Society Essay

This is a painful fact we don’t want to face. There is no effective form to change character. All those qualities in life that makes us what we are also help us become criminals. Heredity and environment, interaction of the individual in society, the totality of human nature and experience. Crime reflects more than just the pitiful few that commit it, it reflects the character of society. How did these people capable of stealing a car, or mugging a cripple become that way? All that they are and all that they have experienced is what drove them to commit a crime. Crime is not just sordid happenings, it is human nature. People commit crime. Some think that man is essentially good, and that given the chance, he will develop as a benign being. Others conceive man to be essentially evil and believe that he must be controlled for his own protection and the existence of an ordered society. Crime is a â€Å"Carry On† type industry. It never stops and always keeps growing on. The society has its own rule. Our society says that â€Å"One is innocent until he or she is proven guilty† and it never gives unusual and cruel punishment. Actually the terrific truth is that society itself creates the criminals and laws are there for them to live free. Crime does not require any kind of education or work experience and there is not that much risk, so the person who has nothing to lose can easily choose crime as his or her career. http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/german-machine-gun.jpg http://cdn.theatlantic.com/static/mt/assets/science/gun1.jpg Gun ownership as American Gun Culture describes looks at the masculinity side of why men own guns. Also explains that family legacy of gun ownership is often a factor in determining whether one will become a gun owner. Many of young people got their first guns as gifts from parents. In the US guns are very easily and non-complicating purchase. It is legal to buy and to own a gun or any other life threatening machine. When the parent had taken more care to teach and exemplify proper gun-handling skills and other firearms knowledge, there is a much greater chance that the recipient of this legacy will embrace (rather than reject) it. Gun collecting has many aspects, but most focus on the historic, technical or artistic merits of the arms which make them appealing to collectors. Some collectors cherish a rusty bayonet, or musket ball recovered from an old battlefield. Ammunition collectors delve into the minute details and has all kinds rituals and cleaning time is greatly involves. Some collectors seek to fill a collection with arms of a single maker, others of a single historic period, some concentrate on a specific caliber, or country of origin. Many just want to own guns that they like for various reasons. Many arms collectors enjoy shooting their guns, and many people interested in living history become arms collectors as an outgrowth of that hobby. While not purely collectors, they are potential future collectors, and their experiences can provide valuable information to collectors. Hunting as indicated is a fine reason to own a gun, or several guns. According to the FBI’s national crime statistics, 1.2 million violent crimes were committed in the United States in 2010. About the same as were committed in the US in 2009. These violent crimes include such crimes as murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. All saw declines nationally between 2009 and 2010. The largest decrease was in the number of reported robberies, dropping by 9.7% during this year. US crime statistics also report that property crimes saw a drop between 2009 and 2010, dropping from 9.08 million to 8.9 million in 2010. Property crimes include larceny, burglary and motor vehicle thefts. The rate of larcenies decreased the most, dropping by 6.98% since 2009. http://www.delrayrecoverycenter.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Amphetamine-300Ãâ€"268.jpg http://www.drug-addiction-support.org/images/cocaineSmall.jpg Many people wonder about the social effects of drug abuse. Drug abuse develops the social life of the addict, tearing apart his family, friendships and professional relationships, work which links with his or her occupation and mainly the behavior of the person. Without intervention, the drug addict can wind up alone, with the drug being his only â€Å"friend.† People who are addicted very often turn to crime as a means of paying for their addiction. This can involve stealing or fraud to obtain the funds necessary to bankroll their addiction. This can start with stealing from one’s partner, family or friends but can spread to include their employer or several organizations. Another aspect is that of the cost of maintaining a police force that have to deal with the after- effects of addiction. One such example and one that we hear a great deal about in the media is that of ‘binge drinking. People who have developed an addiction to alcohol very often engage in drunken, anti-social behavior, usually in town and city centers up and down the country. The police have the job of dealing with fights or semi-conscious people lying in the street which is due to the effects of excessive alcohol consumption. The majority of crime committed is http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2012/9/14/1347635831075/Prescribed-drugs-008.jpg Usually drug-related. Burglary, robberies are all ways of funding an addiction and the more serious the addiction the greater the chance of these being accompanied by violence. There are people who are so desperate to have a ‘fix’ or are completely controlled by their addiction that will do anything to service this. If this means using violence then they will do so. In this case their needs have overtaken any thoughts of rational or civilized behavior. They are not thinking of anyone else but themselves as they are consumed by their addiction. The changes that I think are important to focus on, and the solutions for them to tackle from bottom up are not as simple as it could be imagined. Well, I think that fixing the economy to assure as many people as possible are employed and you have much of the problem of crime resolved. Also finding a way to eliminate drugs from society would help attain the social crime issue. Think about all the crimes that can be associated with addiction: Drug trafficking. Drug dealing. Drug use, Robbery, Assault, Battery,Burglary,Rape. Domestic violence, Illegal weapons possession, Illegal weapons sales. The list goes on and on. This topic is not one of the easiest to tackle but if we eliminated one of the main reasons the crime appears in our society, it would definitely become a much safer place for us citizens to live in. http://calgarycommunities.com/content/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/a5.jpg

Profile of Child Killer Susan Smith

Profile of Child Killer Susan Smith Susan Vaughan Smith of Union, S.C. was convicted on July 22, 1995, and sentenced to life in prison for murdering her two sons, Michael Daniel Smith, 3, and 14-month-old Alexander Tyler Smith. Susan Smith - Her Childhood Years Susan Smith was born on September 26, 1971, in Union, South Carolina, to parents Linda and Harry Vaughan. She was the youngest of three children and the couples only daughter. Her parents divorced when Susan was seven and five weeks later Harry, age 37, committed suicide. Her parents tumultuous marriage and the death of her father left Susan a sad, empty and oddly distant child. Within weeks of the Vaughans divorce, Linda married Beverly (Bev) Russell, a successful local businessman. Linda and the children moved from their small modest home into Bevs house located in an exclusive subdivision of Union. Friendliest Female As a teen, Susan was a good student, well-liked and outgoing. In her junior year, she was voted president of the Junior Civitan Club, a club which focused on volunteering in the community. In her final year of high school, she received the Friendliest Female award and was known for her cheerful and fun disposition. Family Secrets Exposed But during those years of enjoying her popularity and positions of leadership, Susan was harboring a family secret. At the age of 16. her stepfather turned from caretaker to molester. Susan reported the inappropriate behavior to her mother and to the Department of Social Services and Bev moved out from the home temporarily. Nothing of any consequence resulted from Susans report and after a few family counseling sessions, Bev returned home. Susan was chastised by her family for making the sexual abuse a public affair and Linda appeared more concerned that the family would be subjected to public embarrassment than protecting her daughter. Unfortunately for Susan, with Bev back in the house, the sexual molestation continued. In her senior year of high school, Susan turned to a school counselor for help. The Department of Social Service was contacted again, but Susan refused to press charges and the matter was swiftly swept under the proverbial carpet of lawyers agreements and sealed records which protected Bev and the family from the feared public humiliation. Rejection and an Attempted Suicide During the summer of 1988, Susan got a job at the local Winn-Dixie grocery store and moved quickly up the ranks from cashier to bookkeeper. In her senior year at high school, she was sexually active with three men - a married older man who worked at the store, a younger co-worker and with Bev. Susan became pregnant and had an abortion. The married man ended their relationship and her reaction to the breakup was to attempt suicide by taking aspirin and Tylenol. While being treated in the hospital she admitted to having tried a similar suicide attempt when she was 13-years-old. David Smith At work, another relationship was beginning to form with the co-worker and high school friend David Smith. David ended his engagement with another woman and started dating Susan. The two decided to marry when Susan discovered she was pregnant. Susan and David Smith married on March 15, 1991, and moved into Davids great-grandmothers house. Davids parents were suffering the recent loss of another son who died from Crohns disease just 11 days before Susan and David married. By May 1991, the strain of the loss of a son proved to be too much for Davids parents. His father attempted suicide and his mother left and moved to another city. This kind of family drama fit right into what Susan was used to and the young couple, both very needy, spent the early months of their marriage comforting one another. Michael Daniel Smith On October 10, 1991, the Smiths first son, Michael, was born. David and Susan showered the child with love and attention. But having a child could not help the differences in the newlyweds backgrounds which began to put a strain on their relationship. Susan was more materialistic than David and often turned to her mother for financial help. David found Linda to be intrusive and controlling and resented Susan always doing what Linda wanted her to do, especially when it came to raising Michael. First Separation By March 1992, the Smiths were separated and over the next seven months, they tried on and off to mend the marriage. During the breakups, Susan dated a former boyfriend from work which did not help matters. In November 1992, Susan announced she was pregnant again which seemed to bring David and her into clearer focus and the two reunited. The couple borrowed money from Susans mother for a down payment on a house, believing having their own home would fix their troubles. But over the next nine months, Susan became more distant and complained continuously about being pregnant. In June 1993, David felt lonely and isolated in his marriage and began a relationship with a co-worker. After the birth of their second child, Alexander Tyler, on August 5, 1993, David and Susan reunited, but within three weeks David had once again moved out and the two decided the relationship was over. Regardless of their broken marriage, both David and Susan were good, attentive and caring parents who seemed to enjoy the children. Tom Findlay Susan, not wanting to work in the same place as David, took a job as a bookkeeper at the largest employer in the area, Conso Products. She was eventually promoted to the executive secretary position for the president and CEO of Conso, J. Carey Findlay. For Union, S.C. this was a prestigious position which exposed Susan to wealthy people with extravagant lifestyles. It also gave her the opportunity to get closer to one of Unions most eligible bachelors, the son of her boss, Tom Findlay. In January 1994 Susan and Tom Findlay began casually dating, but by spring she and David were back together. The reconciliation only lasted a few months and Susan told David she wanted a divorce. In September she was dating Tom Findlay again and planning their future together in her mind. Tom, in the meantime, was trying to figure out how to end it with Susan. Nice Girls Dont Sleep With Married Men On October 17, 1994, just days before David and Susans divorce papers were filed, Tom Findlay sent a Dear John letter to Susan. His reasons for wanting to end their relationship included the differences in their backgrounds. He was also emphatic about not wanting children or wanting to raise her children. He encouraged Susan to act with more  self-respect and referred to an episode when Susan and a friends husband were kissing each other in a hot tub during a party at Toms fathers estate. Findlay wrote, If you want to catch a nice guy like me one day, you have to act like a nice girl. And you know, nice girls dont sleep with married men. Narcissistic Delusions Susan was devastated when she read the letter, but she was also living out delusional dreams which in reality were a combination of grotesque lies, deceit,  lust, and narcissism. On one  hand, she was deeply depressed that Tom ended their  relationship but unknown to him, she was still sexually involved with David and her stepfather, Bev Russell, and had allegedly had a sexual affair with her boss who was Toms father. In an attempt to get Toms sympathy and attention, Susan confessed to him about her ongoing sexual relationship with Bev. When that didnt work, she told him of her alleged affair with his father and warned him that the details of the relationship might come out during her divorce with David. Toms reaction was one of shock and he reiterated that the two of them would never again have a sexual relationship. Any hopes to maneuver her way back into Toms life had now been permanently severed. Obsessions On October 25, 1994, Susan Smith spent the day  obsessing  over the breakup with Tom Findlay. As the day progressed she became increasingly upset and asked to leave work early. After picking up her children from daycare, she stopped to talk to a friend in a parking lot and expressed her fears over Toms reaction to her sleeping with his father. In a last-ditch effort to sway Toms feelings, she asked her friend to watch the children while she went to Toms office to tell him the story was a lie. According to her friend, Tom did not appear happy to see Susan and quickly got her out of his office. Later that evening she phoned her friend who she knew was having dinner with Tom and friends. Susan wanted to know if Tom had said anything about her, but he had not. The Murder of Michael and Alex Smith At around 8 p.m. Susan put her barefooted sons in the car, strapped them in their car seats and began driving around. In her  confession, she stated that she wanted to die and was headed to her mothers house, but decided against it.  Instead, she drove to John D. Long Lake and drove onto a ramp, got out of the car, put the car in drive, released the brake and watched as her car, with her children sleeping in the back seat, plunged into the lake. The car drifted out  then slowly sank. Nine Days of Deceit Susan Smith ran to a nearby home and hysterically knocked on the door. She told the homeowners, Shirley and Rick McCloud, that a black man had taken her car and her two boys. She described how she had stopped at a red light at Monarch  Mills when a man with a gun jumped into her car and told her to drive. She drove around some, and then he told her to stop and get out of the car. At that point, he told her he wouldnt hurt the kids and then drove off with the boys who she could hear were crying out for her. For nine days Susan Smith stuck the story of  being abducted. Friends and family surrounded her in support and David had returned to his wifes side as the search for their children intensified. The national media showed up in Union as the tragic story of the boys abduction circulated. Susan, with her  face, spotted with tears, and David looking distraught and desperate, made a public plea for the safe return of their sons. In the meantime, Susans story was beginning to unravel. Unraveling the Truth Sheriff Howard Wells, the lead investigator on the case, had David and Susan polygraphed. David passed, but Susans results were inconclusive. Throughout the nine days of the  investigation, Susan was given numerous  polygraphs  and questioned about the inconsistencies in her carjacking story. One of the biggest clues that led the authorities to believe Susan was lying was her story about stopping at a red light on Monarch Mills Road. She stated that she saw no other cars on the road, yet the light turned red. The light on Monarch Mills was always green and only turned red if it was triggered by a car on the cross street. Since she said that there were no other cars on the road, there was no reason for her to come up to a red light. Leaks to the press about discrepancies in Susans story resulted in accusatory questions by reporters. Also, people around her noticed her displaying questionable behavior for a mother whose children were missing. She seemed overly concerned with how she looked in front of the television cameras and at times asked about the whereabouts of Tom Findlay. She also had dramatic moments of deep  sobbing but would be dried eyed and  tearless. Susan Smith Confesses On November 3, 1994, David and Susan appeared on CBS This Morning and David voiced his full support of Susan and her story about the abduction. After the interview, Susan met with Sheriff Wells for another  interrogation. This time, however, Wells was direct and told her that he did not believe her story about the carjacking. He explained to her about the light on Monarch Mills staying green and discrepancies in other adaptations she had made to her story during the past nine days. Exhausted and emotionally badgered, Susan asked Wells to pray with her then  afterward  she began crying and telling how ashamed she felt for what she had done. Her confession to pushing the car into the lake began to spill out. She said she had wanted to kill herself and her children, but in the end, she got out of the car and sent her boys to their deaths. A Small Hand Against the Window Before breaking the news of Susans confession, Wells wanted to locate the bodies of the boys. A previous search of the lake had failed to turn up Susans car, but after her confession, she gave police the exact distance the car had floated out before it sank. Divers found the car turned upside down, with the children dangling from their car seats. One diver described that he saw the small hand of one of the children pressed against a window. Also found in the car was the Dear John letter Ton Findlay had written. An autopsy of the children proved that both  boys were still alive  when their tiny heads were submerged under water. Who is Susan Smith Really? Incredibly, Susan reached out to David in a letter filled with, Im sorry, then complained that her feelings were being overshadowed by everyones grief. Stunned, David questioned who Susan really was and felt a brief moment of sympathy for her confused and demented state of mind. But it did not take long for the sympathy to turn to horror as more  facts about the murders  of his sons surfaced. He had assumed Susan had shown mercy by killing the boys prior to pushing the car into the lake, but after finding out the truth he was haunted by images of his sons last moments, in the dark, scared, alone and drowning to death. When he discovered Susan had supplied the police with the exact location of the car and that the car lights had been on when she lifted the break, he knew she had stayed and watched the car sinking, motivated by her desires to rebuild her relationship with the wealthy Tom Findlay. The Trial During the trial, Susans defense lawyers relied heavily on Susans littered childhood of tragedy and sexual abuse which manifested itself into a lifetime of untreated depression and suicidal thoughts. They explained that her abnormal need to depend on others for happiness led to the multiple sexual relationships she was involved in during her life. The bottom line was that Susan, as outwardly normal as she might have appeared, was in truth hiding a deep-seated mental illness. The prosecution showed the jury a more devious and manipulative side of Susan Smith whose only concern was her own desires. Her children had become a major handicap in Susans ability to get what she wanted. By killing them she would not only get the sympathy of her former lover Tom Findlay but with the children gone, it was one less reason for him to end their relationship. Susan Smith was unresponsive  during her trial  except when her sons were mentioned which sometimes led to her sobbing and shaking her head as if in disbelief that the boys were dead. The Verdict and Sentence It took the jury two-and-a-half hours to return a verdict of guilty of two counts of murder.  Despite Davids protests, Susan Smith was spared the death sentence and  received a sentence  of 30 years to life in prison. She will be eligible for parole in 2025 when she is 53 years old. David has sworn to attend every parole hearing to try to keep Susan Smith in jail for life. Aftermath Since her incarceration at South Carolinas Leath Correctional Institution, two guards have been punished for having sex with Smith. Her sexual activity in prison was discovered after she developed a sexually transmitted disease. Michael and Alex Smith Michael and Alex Smith were buried together in the same casket in the Bogansville United Methodist Church cemetery on November 6, 1994, next to the grave of Davids brother and the childrens uncle, Danny Smith. The Dear John Letter This is the Dear John letter that John Findlay gave to Susan  October. 17, 1994. Many believe it is what motivated Susan Smith to kill her children. (Note: This is how the original letter was written. Corrections have not been made.) Dear Susan, I hope you dont mind, but I think clearer when I am typing, so this letter is being written on my computer. This is a difficult letter for me to write because I know how much you think of me. And I want you to know that I am flattered that you have such a high opinion of me.  Susan, I value our friendship very much. You are one of the few people on this earth that I feel I can tell anything. You are intelligent, beautiful, sensitive, understanding, and possess many other wonderful qualities that I and many other men appreciate. You will, without a doubt, make some lucky man a great wife. But unfortunately, it wont be me. Even though you think we have much in common, we are vastly different. We have been raised in two totally different environments, and therefore, think totally different. Thats not to say that I was raised better than you or vice versa, it just means that we come from two different backgrounds. When I started dating Laura, I knew our backgrounds were going to be a problem. Right before I graduated from Auburn University in 1990, I broke up with a girl (Alison) that I had been dating for over two years. I loved Alison very much and we were very compatible. Unfortunately, we wanted different things out of life. She wanted to get married and have children before the age of 28, and I did not. This conflict spurred our breakup, but we have remained friends through the years. After Alison, I was very hurt. I decided not to fall for anyone again until I was ready to make a long commitment. For my first two years in Union, I dated very little. In fact, I can count the number of dates I had on one hand. But then Laura came along. We met at Conso, and I fell for her like a ton of bricks. Things were great at first and remained good for along  [sic] time, but I knew deep in my heart that she was not the one for me. People tell me that when you find the person that you will want to spend the rest of your life with ... you will know it. Well, even though I fell  enlove  Ã‚  [sic]  with Laura, I had my doubts about a long and lasting commitment, but I never said anything, and I eventually hurt her very, very deeply. I wont do that again. Susan, I could really fall for you. You have so many endearing qualities about you, and I think that you are a terrific person. But like I have told you before, there are some things about you that arent suited for me, and yes, I am speaking about your children. Im sure that your kids are good kids, but it really wouldnt matter how good they may be ... the fact is, I just dont want children. These feelings may change one day, but I doubt it. With all of the crazy, mixed-up things that take place in this world today, I just dont have the desire to bring another life into it. And I dont want to be responsible for anyone  elses  [sic] children, either. But I am very thankful that there are people like you who are not so selfish as I am, and dont mind bearing the responsibility of children. If everyone thought the way that I do, our species would eventually become extinct. But our differences go far beyond the children issue. We are just two totally different people, and eventually, those differences would cause us to break-up. Because I know myself so well, I am sure of this. But dont be discouraged. There is someone out there for you. In fact, its probably someone that you may not know at this time or that you may know, but would never expect. Either way, before you settle down with anyone again, there is something you need to do. Susan, because you got pregnant and married at such an early age, you missed out on much of your youth. I mean, one minute you were a kid, and the next minute  you were having kids. Because I come from a place where everyone had the desire and the money to go to college, having the responsibility of children at such a young age is beyond my comprehension. Anyhow, my advice to you is to wait and be very choosy about your next relationship. I can see this may be a bit difficult for you because you are a bit boy crazy, but as the proverb states good things come to those who wait. I am not saying you shouldnt go out and have a good time. In fact, I think you should do just that ... have a good time and capture some of that youth that you missed out on. But just dont get seriously involved with anyone until you have done the things in life that you want to do, first. Then the rest will fall in place. Susan, I am not mad at you about what happened this weekend. Actually, I am very thankful. As I told you, I was starting to let my heart warm up to the idea of us going out as more than just friends. But seeing you kiss another man put things back into perspective. I remembered how I hurt Laura, and I wont let that happen again; and therefore, I cant let myself get close to you. We will always be friends, but our relationship will never go beyond that of friendship. And as for your relationship with B. Brown, of course you have to make your own decisions in life, but remember ... you have to live with the consequences also. Everyone is held accountable for their actions, and I would hate for people to perceive you as an unreputable person. If you want to catch a nice guy like me one day, you have to act like a nice girl. And you know, nice girls dont sleep with married men. Besides, I want you to feel good about yourself, and I am afraid that if you sleep with B. Brown or any other m arried man for that matter, you will lose your self-respect. I know I did when we were messing around earlier this year. So please, think about your actions before you do anything you will regret. I care for you, but also care for Susan Brown and I would hate to see anyone get hurt. Susan may say that she wouldnt care (copy unintelligible) husband had an affair, but you and I know, that is not true. Anyhow, as I have already told you, you are a very special person. And dont let anyone tell you or make you feel any different. I see so much potential in you, but only you can make it happen. Dont settle for mediocre in life, go for it all and only settle for the best ... I do. I havent told you this, but I am extremely proud of you for going to school. I am a firm believer in higher education, and once you obtain a degree from college, there is not stopping you. And dont let these idiot boys from Union make you feel like you are not capable or slow you down. After you graduate, you will be able to go anywhere you want in this world. And if you ever wanted to get a good job in Charlotte, my father is the right person to know. He and Koni know everyone who is anyone in the business world in Charlotte. And if I can ever help you with anything, dont hesitate to ask. Well, this letter must come to an end. It is 11:50 p.m. and I am getting very sleepy. But I wanted to write you this letter because you are the one who is always making the effort for me, and I wanted to return the friendship. Ive appreciated it when you have dropped me nice little notes, or cards, or the present at Christmas, and it is about time that I start putting a little effort into our friendship. Which reminds me, I thought long and hard about getting you something for your birthday, but I decided not to because I wasnt sure what you might think. Now I am sorry I didnt get you anything, so you can expect something from me at Christmas. But do not buy me anything for Christmas. All I want from you is a nice, sweet card ... Ill cherish that more than any store (copy illegible) present. Again, you will always have my friendship. And your friendship is one that I will always look upon with sincere affection. Tom p.s. Its late, so please dont count off for spelling or grammar. Source: Court Document

How to avoid email e-rage - Emphasis

How to avoid email e-rage How to avoid email e-rage It will probably come as no surprise to learn that email regularly offends many UK workers. What may come as more of a shock is the news that it upsets only one in three people, according to a recent survey by email-provider GMX. Our own research shows that approximately 1.2 billion people worldwide now use email, making it officially the most time-consuming activity for information workers. So it’s little wonder that a third of us regularly have to pry open clenched fists to type our replies. But these are also the very reasons why we should all try to do a little better by each other. Under the daily pressures of time, it seems to make sense to dash off a dozen words under a generic subject line. The other person should be on the same page as you, right? But how many times has this supposed time-saver ended up in confused emails batting back and forth like an increasingly aggressive table tennis match? After all, just like you, your recipient will almost certainly be dealing with other problems, clients and projects. Its best to assume they do not have an infallible, photographic memory or infinite time to investigate what you’re getting at. If everyone stuck to these guidelines, the world of email would be much more pleasant and productive for everyone: Use the subject line meaningfully. A title like ‘a question’ or ‘training’ won’t mean much. The more specific you are, the more likely you are to jog their memory and to get a response more quickly. Start off with the main event – the crux of your message – not the winding anecdote that led up to it. In other words, put the ‘what’ before the ‘why’. Then, if they only scan half of it, they should still get the point. Keep it as short as possible. The longer and more densely packed the text, the more it’ll put the reader off. Stick to one subject per email. But do add any little details (dates, times, names etc.) that will help them by saving them a search. Be reader-focused and don’t assume they know everything you do. Read your emails as carefully as your time allows. Weve probably all fired back an impatient demand for more information just before realising the detail we needed was buried in there all along. If the subject matter needs real discussion, are you sure email is the best way to communicate? If in doubt, pick up the phone. You can always send a confirmation email afterwards. And, even in the darkest depths of e-rage, remember: the laws of libel apply to email. So take a few deep breaths (or, better still, sleep on it) before you press ‘send’ on something you can’t take back.

Summary Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Summary - Coursework Example For instance, an immigrant child is able to communicate by both their native language and the foreign language. In addition, a child is enabled to understand different languages easily due to their versatile minds. This ability also increases their suitability to balance the requirement to speak with different languages at different contexts. Sorace & Ladd (2015) assert that this is easily attainable regardless of the assumption that children may confuse their language selection. The article develops the assumption that children learn better in natural environments. This eradicates the need to educate children on different language. Sorace & Ladd (2015) point out that children learn easily through natural exposure regardless of their age and native language. The author further points out that as they develop they evaluate the importance of each language in their social life. At this point, parents are required to provide a balanced exposure to the languages a child is exposed to. From the article, the advantages of bilingual children is sensitized. The article disregards numerous misconceptions that children may suffer from the effects of bilingual skills in their language development efforts. Conclusively, bilingual children are massively benefited, and have the ability to balance their bilingual